HLT/044 - July 2007
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 77, N°1; July 2007
Harrus, S. et al. Rickettsia conorii in Humans and Dogs: A Seroepidemiologic Survey of Two Rural Villages in Israel. Pp 133-135
The prevalence of IgG-antibodies reactive with an Israeli strain of Rickettsia conorii (Israeli strain 487), the agent of Israeli spotted fever, was examined in humans and dogs from two rural villages in Israel where the disease has been reported in humans. Sixty-nine of 85 (81%) canine sera and 14 of 136 (10%) of human sera had anti-R. conorii antibodies. No direct association could be made between seropositivity of people and ownership of a seropositive dog...  more in HTML
British Medical Journal 335, No 7609; July 2007
Aveyard, P. & West, R. Managing smoking cessation.Pp 37-41
The most common reasons smokers give for smoking are stress relief and enjoyment,4 but the main reason is nicotine dependence. Nicotine acts in the midbrain, creating impulses to smoke in the face of stimuli associated with smoking.5 Consequent changes in brain chemistry also produce "nicotine hunger" when a smoker goes without nicotine. A third mechanism underlying nicotine dependence is nicotine withdrawal: unpleasant mood and physical symptoms that occur on abstinence and are . . .  more in HTML
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Vol. 61, N°7, July 2007
Hilbert, A., Rief, W. ; Braehler, E. What determines public support of obesity prevention? Pp. 585-590
The objective of this study is to determine public support of obesity prevention. Results show a high public readiness for obesity prevention with a focus on individual behavioural change, but not for regulations. Addressing specific information deficits regarding the definition, prevalence and causes of obesity could further enhance the public’s understanding of obesity and help to establish obesity prevention measures...  more in HTML
Health Policy Vol.82, N°2, July 2007
van Baal, P. H.M. et al. Increasing tobacco taxes: A cheap tool to increase public health
Pp 142-152
Several studies have estimated health effects resulting from tobacco tax increases. However, studies on the cost effectiveness of tobacco taxes are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost effectiveness of tobacco tax increases from a health care perspective, explicitly considering medical costs in life years gained. Even if the health care costs in life years gained are taken into account and even if additional tax revenues do not flow to the health care sector a tax increase is a cost-effective intervention to increase public health from a health care perspective...
Lancet, Vol.370, N°9584, July -August 2007
Moore, T. H. M. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Pp 319-328
Whether cannabis can cause psychotic or affective symptoms that persist beyond transient intoxication is unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence pertaining to cannabis use and occurrence of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes. The evidence is consistent with the view that cannabis increases risk of psychotic outcomes independently of confounding and transient intoxication effects, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong. The uncertainty about whether cannabis causes psychosis is unlikely to be resolved by further longitudinal studies such as those reviewed here. However, we conclude that there is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life...  more in HTML
PLos Medicine Vol. 4, No. 7
Gartner, C. E. et al. Should the Health Community Promote Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) as a Harm Reduction Measure? e205
The tobacco control community is divided on whether or not to inform the public that using oral, smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) is less hazardous to health than smoking tobacco…  more in PDF
Mathenge, W.; et al. Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda: Blindness in a Postconflict Setting. e27
The World Health Organization estimates that there were 37 million blind people in 2002 and that the prevalence of blindness was 9% among adults in Africa aged 50 years or older. Recent surveys indicate that this figure may be overestimated, while a survey from southern Sudan suggested that postconflict areas are particularly vulnerable to blindness. The aim of this study was to conduct a Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness to estimate the magnitude and causes of visual impairment in people aged  50 y in the postconflict area of the Western Province of Rwanda, which includes one-quarter of the population of Rwanda…  more in PDF
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